Nitazoxanide is an antiprotozoal and antiviral medication used to treat a variety of infections caused by parasites and viruses. It is commonly prescribed for conditions such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections, which are common causes of diarrhea, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Nitazoxanide is also effective against some viral infections, including the norovirus and rotavirus.
Mechanism of action
The nitazoxanide 500mg works by interfering with the energy production of parasites and some viruses, inhibiting their ability to grow and multiply. Its active metabolite, tizoxanide, inhibits the enzyme pyruvate oxidoreductase, which is essential for the anaerobic metabolism of these organisms.
Dosage and administration
The typical dosage for adults is 500 mg twice daily for 3 days. However, the specific dosage may vary depending on the condition being treated and the patient’s health status. It is usually taken with food to enhance absorption.
Common side effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Dizziness
Precautions
- Inform your doctor if you have liver, kidney issues, or are pregnant.
- It may cause discoloration of urine (yellowish-green), which is harmless.
Avoid alcohol while taking nitazoxanide as it may exacerbate side effects. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting the medication.